A) Organism responses to Ocean Acidification
(migration, tolerance, death, acclimation and adaptation)
- 1. Tolerance versus vulnerability: from species to populations
- 2. Acclimation and adaptation, e.g. plasticity, heritability, microevolution
- 3. Linking biological scales: physiology to populations
- 4. Mechanisms of calcification and dissolution
- 5. What does the paleo record tell us?
B) Ecological effects of Ocean Acidification
- 6. From local to global: linking process studies and observations, e.g. meta-analysis
- 7. Biogeographical responses to Ocean Acidification and climate change (resilience, changes in biodiversity patterns at regional and global scales, refugia)
- 8. Insights from natural Ocean Acidification analogues estuaries, upwelling regions & CO2 vents
- 9. Present and future impacts on food webs and energy flow through ecosystems
- 10. Community and ecosystem responses, including regional comparisons
C) Changing carbonate chemistry of the Ocean
- 11. Paleo to present indicators of ocean acidification (paleo proxies and modeling)
- 12. Changing biogeochemistry from coasts to the open ocean
- 13. Projected changes in the carbonate system and biogeochemical feedbacks on Ocean Acidification (DMS, trace metals, and nutrient cycling)
- 14. Utilizing biogeochemical tracers to understand carbonate chemistry and ecosystem responses, e.g. calcification, dissolution, de-oxygenation
D) Advances in Ocean Acidification research and monitoring
- 15. Novel sensors and platforms for the detection of ocean acidification and acidification impacts
- 16. Designing and implementation of manipulation experiments, e.g. FOCE
- 17. Present and future international (co-ordination) programs, e.g. GOA-ON
E) Ocean Acidification and society – from mitigation to food security
- 18. Impacts and risks to fisheries, aquaculture and food security
- 19. Economic and societal impacts global to local
- 20. Adapting human communities, economies, industries
- 21. Managing ecosystems for Ocean Acidification (e.g. MPAs, harvesting)
- 22. Global to regional actions and policy for Ocean Acidification, e.g. research-policy networks, communication and outreach
- 23. Climate Intervention approaches
F) Ocean Acidification and the increasingly crowded ocean – global change multistressors
- 24. Ocean Acidification and other anthropogenic stressors from pollutants to harvesting
- 25. Physiological effects of climate change multiple stressors
- 26. Ecological effects of climate change multiple stressors